ANIMAL TISSUE

INTRODUCTION

 On the basis of the function and occurrence ,tissues present in animal body is called animal tissue. These animal tissue is  classified into the following four types:

• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscular tissue
• Nervous tissue

EPITHELIAL TISSUE ANIMAL TISSUE:

• The covering or protective tissues in animal body is epithelial tissue
• It is the simplest protective tissue.
• It forms a barrier to keep different body systems separated from each other.

FUNCTIONS:

It protects the underlying cells from drying, injury, infections and also from harmful effects of chemicals.

• It plays an important role in coordination of body and environment by interchanging various substances in all body parts.
• It helps in absorption if water and nutrients and in diffusion of gases.
• It helps in elimination of waste products from the body.

              TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE 

NAME OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE	CHARACTERISTICS	LOCATION	FUNCTION	DIAGRAM
Simple squamous epithelium	·         Single layered   ·         Closely fitted ·         Very thin	§  Delicate lining of blood vessels   §  Lung alveoli	Covering and protection
Stratified squamous epithelium	Arranged in many layers	Outer side of the skin	Prevents from wearing and tearing.
Cuboidal epithelium	Cube shaped cells with round nuclei	§  Lining of kidney tubule.   §  Ducts of salivary  glands	Absorption, excretion and secretion.
Columnar epithelium	Pillar like cells with elongated nuclei	Inner lining of intestine	Absorption and secretion
Ciliated columnar epithelium	Columnar cells with cilia.	§  Respiratory tract   §  Oviducts §  Spermducts.	Movement of cilia pushes substance like egg, sperm, mucus forward.
Glandular epithelium	Folding of epithelial tissue.  forms multi cellular gland.	Gland of various organs.	Those gland cells secrete substances.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN ANIMAL TISSUE

NAME OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE	CHARACTERISTICS  & FUNCTION	DIAGRAM
Blood	RBCs transport oxygen and carbon di oxide; WBCs fight with diseases by producing antibodies; BLOOD PLATELETs help in clotting of blood.
Bones	Very strong, non-flexible, porous, hard, rigid, rich in calcium and phosphorus. It forms the framework that supports the body.
Cartilages	Specialized tissue having widely spaced cells. Matrix is composed of protein and sugars. It provides smoothness to the bone surfaces at the joint.
Areolar  tissue	The tissue is found between the organs. It supports the organs by filling. It also provides support to the internal organ. It repairs the tissues.
Adipose tissue	It serves as a fat reservoir, keep visceral organs in position.
Ligament	The fibre connect bone to another bone.
Tendon	These connect muscles to bone.

             COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MUSCULAR TISSUES

KEY POINTS	STRIATED / VOLUNTARY/ SKELETAL MUSCLE	UNSRIATED/ SMOOTHE/ INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE	CARDIAC MUSCLE
Characteristics	Long, cylindrical, un branched, multi -nucleate tissue with dark and light band.	Spindle- shaped, long uni-nucleate,  smooth and without any band.	Cylindrical, uni nucleate, branched and having stripes of light and dark band.
Location	Present in our limbs	Found in our visceral organs	Present in our heart.
Function	We can move the organs by conscious will	These organs move without our consent to perform our various metabolic works.	The muscles perform rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.
Diagram

NERVOUS TISSUE IN ANIMAL TISSUE:

DESCRIPTION

DIAGRAM

·         It receives stimulus and transmits it from one part of tissue to other.   ·         These are highly spcialized for receiving stimulus and rapid transmission from one region to another. ·         Nervous tissues in animal tissue are present in brain, Spinal cord and all type of nerves.  ·         Cell body consists of cytoplasm, nucleus and cell membrane ·         Axon is a single long conducting fibre extending from neuron. ·         Dendrites are short branched fibres of neuron which receive nerve impulse.

QUESTIONS RELATED TO ANIMAL TISSUE:

 Qns1 Name the type of epithelium present in respiratory tract. What is its specialization?

Ans1  Ciliated columnar epithelium in animal tissue is present in the respiratory tract of human. It has specialized hair-like projection called cilia which help in the movement of substances and mucus forward.

Qs2  Give three differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue.

Ans2  Differences between epithelial and connective tissues are  

KEY POINTS	EPITHELIAL TISSUE	CONNECTIVE TISSUU
Arrangement	Cells are tightly packed	These cells are loosely packed
Inter cellular substances	All cells contain very little or no intercellular matrix	Space between cells is filled with non-living matrix (solid or fluid)
Function	It is the covering tissue and protects body from infections, injury etc.	The cell is the connecting tissue as it connects various body organs.

Qs3   Which tissue makes the bones smooth at joint surface.

Ans3  Cartilage is the tissue that smoothens bones surface at joints.

Qs4 Where do you find the cartilage in animal tissue?

Ans4  Cartilage is present in nose, trachea, ear and larynx.

Qs5   What happens when blood platelets are removed from blood?

Ans5   If the blood platelets are removed from the body then blood clotting will not occur at the site of injury. Bleeding will continue and a significant loss of blood may lead to death.

Qs6  Write the function of areolar tissue in animal tissue.

Ans6  Areolar tissue fill the space inside the organs and supports internal organs of the body. They also help in repair of tissues.

Qs7   Name the tissue by identified by their functions.

• Connects bone to bone
• Forms inner lining of alveoli
• Having chondrocytes as cells
• Transporting stimulus

Ans7   The tissues are

• Ligament
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Cartilage
•  

Qs8  Name the tissue in animal tissue responsible for our movement.

Ans8  Muscular tissue is responsible for our locomotion and movement.

Qs9  Name the tissue associated to these functions?

• Flat tissue which is present in the inner buccal cavity
• T hose tissue that forms connects muscle to bone in humans
• Tissue that transports food in plants
• Connective tissue with fluid matrix
• Tissue that present in the brain

Ans9   The proper tissues are

• Squamous epithelium
• Tendons
• Phloem
• Adipose tissue
• Blood
• Nervous tissue

Qs10   Mention the features of cardiac tissue. 

Ans10  features of cardiac muscular tissue in animal tissue are

• These are involuntary muscle
• Cells of these muscles are cylindrical, branched and uni -nucleate.
• These muscles show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.